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A hydraulic system is defined as a system that utilizes pressurized fluid to perform work. This means that it relies on the movement of liquid, typically oil or water, which is pressurized within a closed circuit. When pressure is applied to the fluid, it transmits force to different components of the system, enabling various types of mechanical work to be done.

The fundamental principle of hydraulic systems is based on Pascal's law, which states that when pressure is applied to a confined fluid, the pressure change occurs throughout the fluid equally. This ability to transmit force efficiently over distances makes hydraulic systems widely used in various applications, from heavy machinery and construction equipment to automotive braking systems.

In contrast, systems powered purely by electric energy, systems relying on gravity, or those designed specifically for air pressure would not fit the definition of a hydraulic system, as they do not utilize pressurized fluid for their operation.